J Johnson Module B
Johnson's Research Based Care
Recall that across Johnson's studies she added nursing interventions to be tested in various groups. Her early studies began with providing very specific types of information. Next, she taught skills for coping and then undertook research that looked at long term outcomes of surgery when her psychoeducational interventions are used. Her series of research studies is artful!
Johnson's Theory: "Discrepancy between expected and experienced physical sensations (what is felt seen, heard, tasted, and smelled) during a threatening experience will result in distress."
Psychoeducational care in 3 domains of content:
- Providing patients with health-related information – about events, procedures, or sensations they are likely to experience. Also provide information about self-care actions patients/families should be taught – i.e., ask for pain medications, stop smoking, use muscle relaxation during procedures, etc.
- Teaching patients skills to use in threatening situations – exercise or activity that are likely to use to reduce discomfort, deep breathing to avoid pulmonary complications, or cope with threatening event.
- Long term support – through self-care (less structured interactions between health care professionals and patients) that continue to describe what to expect, how to reduce anxieties and to increase the patient's ability for coping with long term health care.
The art of nursing:
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Now read about Dr. Johnson's first study done in a laboratory where the experiment could be controlled. In a clinical area there would be numerous uncontrollable or extraneous variables; e.g. noise, odors, people, distractions. Uncontrolled extraneous variables can account for the outcomes of an experiment. Thus a laboratory was used to control as many things as possible that might add distress beyond the distress being measured due to the painful or threatening event.
Now read about the first lab study.
