General goals and objectives

At the completion of this program the participant will have a better understanding and will be more proficient in cardiac auscultation in infants, children and adolescents. Specifically, the participant will be able to recognize:

normal (S1 and S2) and abnormal (S3 and S4 ) heart sounds.

abnormalities in the splitting of S2

systolic, diastolic and continuous murmurs

the most common functional murmurs (venous hum, vibratory murmur, pulmonic ejection murmur).

Examine the role of the patient history.